The volume comprises ten scholarly contributions that investigate various dimensions of these literary traditions. The articles are based on presentations originally delivered at the international symposium “Variety of Jātaka and Avadāna Transmission,” held on 27–28 November 2023 at the International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies in Tokyo. The keynote address by Peter Skilling offers a critical reassessment of the history of research on these genres and provides foundational reflections on their role as vehicles for the transmission of Buddhism. The subsequent four chapters explore key aspects of jātaka and avadāna transmission, focusing respectively on their visual representations; textual styles and variant versions; linguistic features and issues of translation; and their literary classifications and geographical distribution.