CONTENTS: List of Maps, Foreword-Peter Bellwood, Section I: INTRODUCTION: 1. Chronometric Revolution in South Asian Archaeology: New Discoveries and Current Discourses-Ravi Korisettar, Section II: CURRENT ISSUES AND DEBATES IN SOUTH ASIAN ARCHAEOLOGY: 2. The Denisova Cave Remains and their Implications for Ancient Populations in Pleistocene Asia: Reconciling Genetic and Fossil Data-Sheela Athreya and Bonny Ford, 3. Industries, Technologies, Traditions, and Cultures: A Critique of Lithic Nomenclature in the Prehistory of the Indian Subcontinent-Parth R Chauhan, 4. The Nubian Levallois Technology in South Asia: Indigenous or Introduced-Devara Anil, C P Mukesh, Zakir Khan, Vrushab Mahesh, and P Ajithprasad, 5. The South Asian Late Pleistocene Late Palaeolithic Traditions: Regional Diversity and Implications for the Coexistence of Multiple Hominin Groups?-Ravi Korisettar and Nimal Perera, 6. Archaeology of Ladakh: Retrospect and Prospect-S B Ota, 7. The Ashmound Tradition of South India: Site Formation, Settlement Pattern, and Pastoral Practices at the Dawn of Food Production-Dorian Q Fuller and Ravi Korisettar, 8. Origins of Indian Rice Diversity: Proto-Indica Debates and Current Evidence-Dorian Q Fuller, 9. Orchards, Vineyards, and Cotton: Perennial Fruit and 'Cash Crops' in Indian Protohistory-Anna M H den Hollander and Dorian Q Fuller, 10. Burial Markers or Ancient Observatories? Indian Megaliths and the Archaeoastronomy Debate-Srikumar M Menon, 11. On Both the Edge and Cutting Edge: Investigating Endangered Archaeological Sites in India with Advanced Technologies to Address Questions of Global Significance-Ravi Korisettar, Namita Sugandhi, Sheela Athreya, Niraj Rai and Snigdha Konar, 12. Illustrating the Constraints of Archival Data for Reiterative Research and to Unravel the Archaeological Knowledge Production Process: Srngaverapura, a case study-Yashaswini Jayadevaiah, Section III: TWO CIVILISATIONS-CONTINUITY AND RE-EMERGENCE: 13. Socio-cultural Complexity and Integration of the Indus Urban Society-Akinori Uesugi, 14. Critical Social Theory Answers Determinist Thinking about the Climate-Culture Connection in the Past-Gwen M Robbins Schug, 15. Harappan Lothal Dockyard Debate: New Insights from a Landscape Archaeological Perspective-Ekta Gupta and V N Prabhakar, 16. Royal 'Chariots' Burials of Sanauli near Delhi and Archaeological Correlates of Prehistoric Indo-Iranian Languages (With a Postscript)-Asko Parpola, 17. Harappan External Trade: A Supraregional Marketing Strategy with a Glocal Vision?-Dennys Frenez, 18. The Harappan Horse: A Hundred Years of Past Studies and Where is it Headed in the Next Hundred?-Sharada Channarayapatna, 19. Aryan Origins: Brief History of Linguistic Arguments-Madhav M Deshpande, 20. Applying 'Ritual Theory of Practice' for Understanding Foods for After Life through Lipid Residue Analysis: A Case Study of Dhaneti Harappan Burials, Kachchh, Gujarat-Ahana Gosh, P Ajithprasad, Eleanora A Reber, Helna Liston, Sivapriya Kirubakaran, Phanindra Kumar, K S Sreelakshmi, Umesh Talekar, Mukesh Bhardwaj, Abhay Vishwakarma and Sharada Channarayapatna, Section IV: TRANSITIONS TO EARLY HISTORY: 21. Absolute Chronometry of Pehistoric Tamil Nadu Opens Up Debate on the Long-held Concepts in South Asian Archaeology-K Rajan, 22. Recasting the Iron Age? Explaining Dates from Coastal Tamil Urn Burial Sites-Sharada Srinivasan, 23. The Archaeoloogy of South Asian Cities (with a Postscript)-Monica L Smith, 24. Early Historic Urbanisation in the Middle Ganga Plain: A Appraisal-Goutami Bhattacharya, 25. The Making of the Early Historic South Asia: With Special Reference to Peninsular India-Uthara Suvrathan, 26. The Dawn of Literacy in Early Historic South Asia: With Special Reference to Peninsular India-Uthara Suvrathan, 26. The Dawn of Literacy in Early Historic South India: The Role of Asoka Maurya and Related Issues-S Setter (Translated from Kannada by Malini Adiga), 27. Identifying Muziris: Exploring the Material and Cultural Sophistication of the 300 BC-300 AD Phase-P J Cherian, Afterword-G N Devy, Notes and References, Notes on the Contributors, Acknowledgements.