A new Saktic/Tantric spiritual lineage was established at the close of the 7th century AD in the valley of Kashmir by Sivanandanatha, which came be known as the Path of Kali (Kalinaya) or the Path of Succession (Kramanaya). It is said that Sivanandanatha was the head of a Tantric sub-center (upapilhadesa) known as the Uttarapitha, which also was referred to as the Medhapitha. Sivanandanatha is said to have imparted the esoteric knowledge of the Krama system to three female ascetic Yoginis, namely, Keyuravati, Madanika, and Kalyanika. These Yoginis revealed this fund of knowledge respectively to Govindraja, Cakrabhanu and Erakanatha. It is given such an epithet on account of the fact that the adept of this path is asked to visualize, while deeply involved in meditation, the powers of one's own consciousness/self, in the form of twelve Kalis, as engaged both in the process of emanation (spt) and absorption/dissolution (samhara) of phenomena at the levels of the knowing subject (pramata), the means of knowing (pramana), and the knowable (prameya). This process of visualization of meditation has to be conducted in such a manner as would let the practitioner experience as if he himself is the Supreme Lord containing within himself the entire phenomena. The process of visualization is centered on the twelve aspects of Parasamvid in the form of twelve Kalis, and it has to be carried out in a regular order of succession (krama), viz, one aspect of Kali to be followed by another. On account of the meditative succession, the system is also known as Kramanaya or the Path of Succession.