The historical source to investigates the sustainable interdependency between fauna, agriculture, and forest. It also examines how Mughal land-use patterns, agrarian expansion, irrigation facilities, and forest management practices shaped the region’s ecological landscape. By juxtaposing environmental history with agricultural studies, the book offers a nuanced understanding of how nature, the state, and ecology interacted in early modern India. It makes a valuable contribution to the growing scholarship on North India’s environmental past.