Water Pollution problem in environment are increasing day by day degrading ecosystem and global water cycle. Applications of biological agents, along with physical, chemical and engineering processes to maintain, protect and restore the environment by use of Environmental Biotechnology and analytical analysis and tests like BOD, COD, TSS and TS, etc. are required to assess the pollution load and strength of waste to be treated in most efficient manner. Biological treatment/bioremediation and natural attenuation have been a rapidly growing area of science over the past decade. Natural attenuation is viewed as the best solution for cleaning up many waste sites and will save billions of dollars in cleanup costs. The biotreatment, bioremediation and Natural Attenuation area have both basic research and field application. The field application foci are co-metabolic techniques, biogeochemical assessment techniques, and modeling of attenuation and environmental fate. There is further scope for research for modification and applications in physical and chemical engineering processes, and applications of genetically improved better strains of microbes to control pollution more efficiently.