By the time the variety starts deteriorating due to biotic and abiotic stresses. It has also been realized that the growing demand of seed cane of newly released varieties cannot be fulfilled timely by the conventional methods of plant multiplication. Therefore, the use and exploitation of new biotechniques are quite essential for faster multiplication of newly released varieties. Micro-propagation is currently the only realistic means of achieving rapid and large scale production of disease free planting material of newly developed varieties in order to speed up the commercialization process in sugarcane. Thus, plant tissue culture has now become the major component of biotechnology. Genetic engineering and molecular biology can be used for crop improvement through the application of various technique developed in the field of biotechnology. Several exciting developments have taken place in sugarcane biotechnology during the past five decades. The first edition of this book entitled